Teza enega pravilnega odgovora – med R. Dworkinom in G. W. F. Heglom
Izvleček
Popolno sovpadanje prava in posamične pravne odločitve je
bilo vselej ideal jurisprudence. Enega od načinov, kako to doseči,
se je videlo v popolni pasivnosti sodnika, ki naj bi zgolj posodil
svoja usta zakonu in postal viva vox legis. Najbližje nasprotje tej
naivnosti je zdravorazumsko zanikanje: nemogoče je v celoti izključiti
sodnikova interpretativna dejanja in zaradi tega je neizogibno,
da bodo različni sodniki v isti zadevi razsodili različno. Najbolj
zanimivi pa so tisti teoretski projekti, ki neizogibno aktivno
držo sodnika zavestno sprejemajo, hkrati pa vztrajajo, da je kljub
temu mogoče dokazati, da je zgolj ena odločitev pravilna.
V 20. stoletju je najbolj zanimiva Dworkinova »teza enega pravilnega
odgovora«, ki stavi na to, da je mogoče, s pomočjo posebnih
interpretativnih postopkov, vsaj idealiter, pokazati na le eno
samo, ekskluzivno pravilno odločitev. V tem prispevku bomo soočili
Dworkinovo tezo s Heglovim naukom pravnega odločanja.
Pokazali bomo, da Dworkin, paradoksno, vztraja na istem pristopu
do empiričnega, na katerem gradi naivno reklo viva vox legis.
Izključno pravilni odgovor ne obstaja v konkretni empirični odločitvi,
marveč v našem ustreznem odnosu do sodne odločitve kot
take.
References
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