AI kot sodnik in problem označitve
Izvleček
Ta članek preučuje, ali bi lahko umetna inteligenca (UI)
delovala v sodnem sistemu skozi problem označitve, ki odpira
vprašanje, kako družba posameznikom in subjektom
pripisuje določene vloge ter z njimi povezana pričakovanja.
Izhajajoč iz teorije institucionalnih dejstev Johna Searla članek
trdi, da je poimenovanje nekoga za sodnika kolektivno
dejanje, ki skupaj z določenimi konstitutivnimi pravili
ustvarja status, povezan s posebnimi pravicami, dolžnostmi
in simbolno avtoriteto. Članek primerja označitev človeških
sodnikov in umetne inteligence z analizo treh razsežnosti:
formalne, funkcionalne in ontološke. Medtem ko bi umetna
inteligenca lahko izpolnjevala formalne zahteve, zlasti
ob ustreznih spremembah obstoječe zakonodaje, ter tudi
funkcionalne zahteve zaradi svoje tehnične sofisticiranosti,
ne more izpolniti ontoloških pogojev sojenja, kot so samozavedanje,
vest in odgovornost. Te človeške lastnosti predstavljajo
temelj resničnega sojenja in jih ni mogoče reproducirati
z algoritmičnimi sistemi. Ovira, da bi umetna inteligenca
postala sodnik, zato ni zgolj postopkovne ali funkcionalne
narave, temveč ontološka. Kljub temu pa lahko umetna inteligenca
služi kot dragoceno sodno orodje, bodisi pri podpori
pravnim raziskavam, prepoznavanju vzorcev in predhodnih
ocenah, dokler njena vloga ostaja jasno ločena od
vloge sodnika.
References
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