Trendi metamorfoze javnega upravljanja
Izvleček
Razvoj javne uprave oziroma kompleksen proces diferenciaci-je t.i. upravnih sistemov je zaznamovan z relativno hitro sistemsko metamorfozo države oziroma z metamorfozo procesa javnega upra-vljanja. Metamorfoza absolutistične v sodobno demokratično prav-no državo je v vsebinskem smislu predvsem rezultat procesa širitve pravic in svoboščin oziroma vse intenzivnejše participacije zasebno-pravnih subjektov in posameznikov v procesih javnega upravljanja. Pospešenemu nadaljevanju tega procesa metamorfoze v sodobni državi pa bo, kot vse kaže, bistveno prispevala agresivna globaliza-cija, ki svojim interesom poskuša podrediti (ali vsaj prilagoditi) celo nekatere postulate legitimnosti predstavniške demokracije in kla-sičnih mehanizmov javnega upravljanja. Omenjeno metamorfozo v formalno-organizacijskem smislu lahko spremljamo predvsem skozi spreminjanje (sistemsko diferenciacijo) t.i. upravnih sistemov, ki so najbolj dinamičen integralni del sodobne države. V tem kontekstu je pojav agencifikacije oziroma prenašanje izvajanja nalog državne uprave na javne agencije in druga t.i. neodvisna regulatorna telesa (nedržavne subjekte) relativno novejši pojav. Videti je, da bo ta po-jav pomembno vplival na spreminjanje nekaterih osnovnih klasič-nih postulatov javnega upravljanja v sodobni državi.
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javne službe upravljanja prenosnega omrežja (Uradni list RS, št. 54/00).
Direktiva št. 2002/21/EZ Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta z dne 7. marca 2002 o enotnem
regulatornem okviru za elektronska komunikacijska omrežja in storitve.
Direktiva št. 2003/54/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 26. junija 2003 o skupnih pravilih za
notranji trg z električno energijo (in o razveljavitvi Direktive št. 96/92/ES).
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133.
Armstrong, K.A., Regulation, Deregulation, Re-regulation, London, 2000, Kogan Page.
Ayres I., in Braithwaite, J., Responsive Regulation, New York, 1992, Oxford University Press.
Baldwin, R. in Cave, M., Understanding Regulation, 1999, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Bowers, James R., Regulating the Regulators, An Introduction to Legislative Oversight of Administrative
Rulemaking, Preager, New York 1990.
Breyer, S., Regulating and its Reform, 1982, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Christensen, T. in Laegreid, P., Administrative Reform Policy: the Case of Norway, 1998, International
Review of Administrative Sceinces, 6: p. 457-475.
Christensen, T. in Laegreid, P., Agencification and Regulatory Reforms, http://soc.kuleuven.be/io/
cost/pub/paper/AgencificationRegulatioryReforms_Final21021.pdf.
Dujić, S., Razvoj in glavne značilnosti 'tipskih modelov' organizacije državne oblasti, Nova univerza,
Evropska pravna fakulteta, Ljubljana, 2017.
Dujić, S., in Marković, M. I., Javne (regulatorne) agencije, Arhiv za pravne i društvene nauke, Beograd,
2006, leto 93, knjiga št. 68 (120), št. 3-4 (2006), str. 1555-1580, ISSN 0004-1270,
Dujić, S., Javne službe i nezavisna regulatorna tijela, Moderna uprava, Časopis za upravno-pravno
teorijo in prakso; Republika Srpska, Let. 2010, št. 3-4, nov. 2010; str. 15-40; ISSN 1840-2283.
Eisner, M.A., Discovering Patterns in Regulatory History: Continuity, Change and Regulatory Regimes,
1994, Journal of Policy History, 6 (2): 157-187.
Giraldi, F. Policy Credibility and Delegation to Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Comparative
Empirical Analysis, 2002, Journal of European Public Policy, 9 (6): 873-893.
Pusić, E., Nauka o upravi, Zagreb 1986.
Pusić, E., Upravni sistemi, Zagreb 1985.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) (1997), Good Governance: The IMF’s Role, Washington DC: International
Monetary Fund.
Kavran, D., Evropski upravni prostor, reforma i obrazovanje državne uprave, Pravni život, Beograd,
št. 9, tom I, 2004.
Koprić, I., Musa, A. in Đulabić, V., Europski standardi regulacije službi od općeg interesa: (kvazi)nezavisna
regulacijska tijela u izgradnji modernog kapitalizma. Hrvatska javna uprava , 2008.
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. in Vishny, R. (1998), The Quality of Government, Journal
of Law, Economics and Organisation, 15(1): 222-279.
Lexicon of Terms and Concepts in Public Administration, Public Policy and Political Science, 1998.
Levi-Faur D., in Gilard, S., The Rise of the British Regulatory State: Transcending the Privatization
Debate, 2004, Comparative Politics, 37(1).
Lilić, S., Dimitrijević, P. in Marković, M. I., Upravno pravo, druga spremenjena in dopolnjena izdaja,
Beograd, 2006.
MacGowan, F. in Wallace, H., Towards a European Regulatory State, 1996, Journal of European Public
Policy, 3 (4): 560-576.
Majone, G., ed. Deregulation or Re-regulation, 1989, London, Pinter.
Pirnat, R., Pogled na razvoj slovenske državne uprave, v publikaciji Razvoj slovenske javne uprave
1991-2011, Uradni list RS, Ljubljana 2011, str. 51-78 (zlasti str. 72-73).
Pirnat, R., Neodvisne upravne institucije, Javna uprava št. 3/1999, Ljubljana 1999, str. 449-466.
Pirnat, R., Liberalizacija gospodarskih javnih služb, Javna uprava, 2007, štev. 1, str. 63-76.
Pollitt C. (2003), Joined-up Government, 2003, Political Studies Review, 1 (1): 34-49.
Pollitt C., et. al., Agencies: How Governments do Things through Semi-Autonomous Organizations,
2004, London, Palgrave.
Pollitt, C., Birchall, J., in Putman, C., Decentralising Public Service Management, London, MacMillan
Press 1998.
Schwartz, B. , Administrative Law, Boston and Toronto 1984.
Shapiro, M., The Problems of Independent Agencies in the United States and the European Union,
1997, Journal of European Public Policy, 4 (2): 276-291.
Sheldon, D.R., Achieving Accountability in Business and Government, Managing for Efficiency, Effectiveness
and Economy, ISBN 0-89930-759-0, Quorum Books1996.
Smerdel, B., Problemi normativizma u suvremenoj američkoj teoriji i političkoj praksi, NZ, št. 12, str.
1251-1266.
Stewart, J., A Dogma of Our Times - the Separation of Policy-making and Implementation, 1996, Public
Money and Management, July - September 1996.
Trpin, G., Področja javne uprave in pravnih oseb javnega prava, GV Založba, Ljubljana 2013.
Trpin, G., Nastanek in razvoj javnih služb v Sloveniji, publikacija Razvoj slovenske javne uprave
1991-2011, Uradni list, Ljubljana, 2011, zlasti str. 98-103.
Waldo, D., The Administrative State: a Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration,
New York: Ronald Press Co, 1948; rev. ed. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1984.
Weiss, T. (2000), Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual
Challenges, Third World Quarterly, 21(5): 795-814.
Pravni viri in sodna/upravna praksa
Ustava Republike Slovenije (Uradni list RS, št. 33/91, 42/97, 66/00, 24/03, 69/04, 68/06 in 47/13).
Zakon o javnih agencijah (Uradni list RS, št. 52/02, 51/04).
Zakon o trgu vrednostnih papirjev (Uradni list RS, št. 56/99, 86/04 in 18/06).
Energetski zakon (Uradni list RS, št. 17/2014).
Uredba o načinu izvajanja gospodarske javne službe prenosa električne energije in gospodarske
javne službe upravljanja prenosnega omrežja (Uradni list RS, št. 54/00).
Direktiva št. 2002/21/EZ Evropskega parlamenta in Evropskega sveta z dne 7. marca 2002 o enotnem
regulatornem okviru za elektronska komunikacijska omrežja in storitve.
Direktiva št. 2003/54/ES Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 26. junija 2003 o skupnih pravilih za
notranji trg z električno energijo (in o razveljavitvi Direktive št. 96/92/ES).
Primer 9/56 Meroni & Co. Industrie Metallurgiche, S.p.A v. High Authority of the EC SC (1957-58) EC R
133.
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