Trendi omejevanja domneve nedolžnosti
Izvleček
Članek, ki povzema moje lastno magistrsko delo, napisano pod mentorstvom doc. dr. Anžeta Erbežnika, Domneva nedolžnosti v kazenskem pravu – zgodovinska analiza in sodobne perspektive, analizira nekatere moderne trende omejevanja domneve nedolžno-sti. Kot prvega prikaže spornost konfiskacij v povezavi z domnevo nedolžnosti, še posebej izpostavlja problem civilnih konfiskacij pri katerih obdolženi ni spoznan za krivega. Rešitev ponuja uporaba strogega testa sorazmernosti, ki ukrep odvzema utemelji s tem, da je primeren, nujen in sorazmeren v ožjem smislu. Tako naj bi ostalo odprto le vprašanje utemeljitve najmilejšega ukrepa in ali slednjemu lahko zadostimo. Spregovori tudi o ZOPNI-ju, ki omogoča uvedbo tajne finančne preiskave zgolj na podlagi razlogov za sum in uvaja obrnjeno dokazno breme. Analiza pokaže, da je ta institut ustavno sporen zaradi pomanjkanja ustrezne kontradiktornosti, opuščanja sodne kontrole, dopuščanja uvedbe postopka na podlagi razlogov za sum in odvzema premoženja na podlagi nižjega standarda, kot velja za obsodilno sodbo. Nadalje članek spregovori o nekakšnem obrnjenem dokaznem bremenu v smislu ovrgljive predpostavke krivde, ki se uvaja v okviru prekrškovnega prava. Kot problematič-ni se kažejo predvsem načini postopanja za dosego cilja. Kot tretji trend omejevanja domneve nedolžnosti, članek prikaže profiliranje oseb, na primer letalskih potnikov, za namene boja proti organizira-nemu kriminalu kot preventivne prepoznave morebitnih storilcev. V tem primeru je domneva nedolžnosti namensko spregledana in v svojem obstoju ogrožena.
References
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